γ-Gamma aminobutyric acid

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a compound, also known as gamma aminobutyric acid, is a four carbon, non protein amino acid, widely exists in vertebrates, plants and microorganisms ^[1].




Aminobutyric acid refers to gamma aminobutyric acid, also known as aminobutyric acid. It is a kind of non protein amino acid widely existing in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in free state. It has a variety of functions in mammalian brain and spinal cord, and acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The reported physiological activities include regulating blood pressure, promoting mental stability, promoting cerebral blood flow, enhancing brain vitality, nourishing nerve cells, increasing growth hormone secretion, strengthening liver and kidney, preventing obesity, promoting alcohol metabolism (sobering up), improving menopausal syndrome and so on ^[2][3].

Published scientific studies have shown that GABA has the following functions in human body:

   ·Lower blood pressure ^{[4] [5]}
   ·Regulating arrhythmia ^[6]
   ·Regulating hormone secretion ^{[7] [8]}
   ·Brain function ^{[9] [10]}
   ·Asthma control ^[11]

Status：

Functions：

Mechanism：

   ·It plays an inhibitory role in thalamic cortical projection ^{[14] [15] [16]}
   ·Protect cells by scavenging free radicals and reducing lipid oxidation ^{[17] [18]}

Safety：

Safety is crucial for vulnerable groups (such as the elderly and infants). Oral toxicity tests and a large number of clinical studies have confirmed the safety of GABA, and no adverse reactions were found among the subjects. *GABA is safe and has been certified by FDA gras.

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[2].杨胜远, 陆兆新, 吕风霞,等.γ- 氨基丁酸的生理功能和研究开发进展[J]. 食品科学, 2005(09):546-551.

[3].Park KB, Oh SH . Production of yogurt with enhanced levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and valuable nutrients using lactic acid bacteria and germinated soybean extract[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2007, 98(8):1675-1679.

[4].FV. Y- aminobutyric acid and cardiovascular function[J] . Experientia, 1983, 39: 845- 848.

[5].林智, 大森正司. γ- 氨基丁酸茶 ( Gabaron Tea) 降血压机理的研究 [J] . 茶叶科学, 2001, 21 ( 2) : 153- 156.

[6].冈 田忠司 . Physiological Function of Rice Germ Enrichedwith GABA [J] . 食品工业 ( 日) , 2001, 36 ( 6) : 7- 8.

[7].陈恩成, 张名位, 池建伟, 等. γ- 氨基丁酸的功能特性及其在食品原料中的富集技术研究进展 [J] . 湖北农学院学报, 2004, 24 ( 4) : 37- 39

[8].Mccann S M , Vijayan E , Negro-Vilar A , et al. GAMMA aminobutyric acid (GABA), a modulator of anterior pituitary hormone secretion by hypothalamic andpituitary action[J]. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1984, 9(2):97-106.

[9].茅原. Recent Studies on Biological Funotions of GABA- oninprovenments of Hypertension and Brain Functionl [J] . 食品与开发 ( 日) , 2001, 36 ( 6) : 4- 6.

[10].郭晓娜, 朱永义, 朱科学. 生物体内GABA的研究[J]. 氨基酸和生物资源, 2003, 25(2): 70-72.

[11].徐传伟, 夏应和. γ- 氨基丁酸控制哮喘急性发作临床疗效观察 [J] . 滨洲医学院学报, 1999, 22 ( 2) : 181.

[12].张晖, 姚惠源. γ- 氨基丁酸的功能性及其在稻米制品中的富集利用 [J] . 粮食与饲料工业, 2002, 8: 41- 42.

[13].张辉, 徐满英. γ- 氨基丁酸作用的研究进展 [J] . 哈尔滨医科大学学报, 2006, 6 ( 3) : 267- 269.

[14].Fisher R S , Buchwald N A , Hull C D , et al. GABAergic basal forebrain neurons project to the neocortex: the localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase and choline acetyltransferase in feline corticopetal neurons.[J]. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1988, 272(4):489.

[15].林华锦. 氨酪酸治疗婴幼儿夜间惊啼综合症20例疗效观察[J]. 肇庆医药, 1989, (1): 63-65.

[16].Okada T , Sugishita T , Murakami T , et al. Effect of the Defatted Rice Germ Enriched with GABA for Sleeplessness, Depression, Autonomic Disorder by Oral Administration.[J]. Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 2000, 47(8):596-603.

[17].Hou C W . Pu-Erh tea and GABA attenuates oxidative stress in kainic acid-induced status epilepticus[J]. Journal of Biomedical Science, 2011, 18(1):75.

[18].马玉华, 王斌, 孙进,等. γ-氨基丁酸对高脂膳食小鼠免疫功能的影响[J]. 免疫学杂志, 2014(7):599-603.