Lactoferrin 95%

Lactoferrin is a natural iron binding glycoprotein, which is widely distributed in mammalian milk, other tissues and their secretions (tears, bile, exocrine fluid and neutrophils). Lactoferrin is about 80 kDa in size and consists of symmetrical "leaves". It is a key protein in breast milk and supports the health and development of infants. It is an integral part of the immune system and a part of the innate defense mechanism.

Human lactoferrin and bovine lactoferrin have high homology and the same function. Bovine lactoferrin can not only bind iron ions on its two iron chelating sites, but also adsorb iron ions on other sites and stabilize iron ions. In addition, the study also showed that lactoferrin can stabilize the unstable reduced iron ions in general solution, while other proteins such as casein hydrolysate or BSA have no such effect ^[1]. The 95% preparation method of lactoferrin used by uyangge is ion exchange column and membrane filtration recommended by Chinese Nutrition Society. The nutrient elements are enriched from the whey, and then freeze-dried into powder. Infant and drug grade quality, with the greatest biological activity. The total iron binding capacity of lactoferrin was more than 93%.

Published scientific research shows that 95% of lactoferrin in human body has the following functions:

   ·Reduce the incidence of respiratory infection in full-term infants ^[2]

   ·Reduce the count of Streptococcus type A in tonsil of children with pharyngitis ^[3]
   ·Promote cell growth ^[4]
   ·Regulate immunity, enhance the activity of monocytes and NK cells, reduce the risk of cold during pregnancy ^[4]
   ·Improve the bioavailability of iron in intestinal cells, stabilize the reduced iron ion, and reduce the stimulation to gastrointestinal tract ^[4]
   ·Anti inflammatory: reduce IL-1, IL-2 and TNF- α They are involved in anti-inflammatory reaction ^[4]

   ·Reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and delayed sepsis in preterm infants ^[4]

Status：

Functions：

Mechanism：

Lactoferrin 95% can promote human health in a variety of ways, including:

   ·Through the amino and carboxyl terminal two iron binding regions, it can bind with iron with high affinity and reversibly, and maintain iron in a wide range of pH value to complete the absorption and

              utilization of iron in duodenal cells ^[5]
   ·Iron chelation: lactoferrin highly binds to iron, making bacteria lose the basic element iron needed for growth ^[6]
   ·Destroy cell membrane: increase the permeability of bacterial cell membrane, make bacterial lipopolysaccharide exude from outer membrane, play a direct bactericidal role ^[7]
   ·Improve the structure of intestinal mucosa; The length of intestinal villi was increased; The crypt structure was changed; Reduce the incidence of diarrhea ^[8]
   ·Stimulating immune cells (such as neutrophils) including innate and acquired immunity ^[9]
   ·The antiviral effect has a strong inhibitory effect on hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, human immunodeficiency virus and human cytomegalovirus ^[10]

Safety:

Safety is crucial for vulnerable groups (such as the elderly and infants). Oral toxicity tests and a large number of clinical studies have confirmed the safety of lactoferrin 95%, and no adverse reactions were found among the subjects^{[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]} 95% of lactoferrin has always been safe. It has been certified by FDA gras in food application and infant formula.

[1] Nagasako Y,Saito H ,Tamura Y, et al . Iron binding properties of bovine lactoferrin in iron rich solution. J Dairy Sci ，1993,76(7):1876-1881

[2] Manzoni,etal.Pediatrics.2012Jan;129(1):116-23

[3] Viani RM, Gutteberg TJ, Lathey JL. Lactoferrin inhibits HIV-1 replication in vitro and exhibits synergy when combined with zidovudine[J]. AIDS, 1999, 13(10): 1 273-1 274.

[4] 杨月欣、李宁，《营养功能成分应用指南》，A301 乳铁蛋白

[5] 唐胜球 ， 周晓庭 ， 董小英 ． 乳铁蛋白及其在家畜生产中的应用 ．中国饲料，2003,12:19

[6] 安美忱, 刘宁. 牛乳铁蛋白素抗菌活性及抗菌活性位点[J]. 微生物学通报, 2009, 36(10): 1 526-1 531.

[7] Jamie SM, Angela R, Jayme S, et al. Bovine lactoferricin causes apoptosis in Jurkat T-leukemia cells by sequential permeabilization of the cell membrane and targeting of mitochondria[J]. Experimental Cell Research, 2007, 313: 2 634-2 650.

[8]  Egashira M , Takayanagi T , Moriuchi M , et al. Does daily intake of bovine lactoferrin-containing products ameliorate rotaviral gastroenteritis?[J]. Acta Paediatrica, 2010, 96(8):1242-1244.

[9]  Osmond RI, Kett WC, Skett SE, et al. Protein-heparin interactions measured by BIAcore 2000 are affected by the method of heparin immobilization[J]. Anal Biochem, 2002 Nov; 310 (2): 199-207

[10] Zuccotti,GV etal.Immune modulation by lactoferrin and curcumin in children with recurrentrespiratory infections.J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2009;23(2):119-123.